DIAGRAMMING
Copulative Verb:
Direct Object: Gets straight line arising from baseline. You discover it by asking “what is …” followed by the past participle of the verb. E.g., “I know what I did.” You ask, “what is … known” Answer is “what I did” is a nominal clause standing for the direct object.
Participles: write the participle diagonally across the diagonal modification format. Answers question WHICH? or WHAT KIND of the noun.
Participial Phrases:
Indirect Object:
Modal Verb:
Auxiliary Verb:
Main Verb:
Gerund:
Gerund Phrase:
(goes on a pedestal)
Nominal Clause:
(goes on a pedestal)
Subordinate Clause:
Clause:
Phrase:
Expletive: Also known as a dummy pronoun. It is a pronoun that doesn’t refer to anything. E.g., “It is a fact that time is short.” It doesn’t refer to anything, you know everything you need to know.
(goes on dotted line pedestal)
Relative Clause: – adjectival clause – a clause that modifies a noun.
Subjective Complement: gets slanty line
Relative adverb: – beginning a relative clause
Relative pronoun: – beginning a relative clause
Infinitive phrase:
Subordinate Clause or adverbial clause: A clause that functions as an adverb. Answers a WHY? or WHEN? question. Draw a dotted line between the verb being modified and the verb in the subordinate clause. Put the subordinating conjunction on the dotted line.
Subordinating Conjunction: It is the start of a subordinate clause. E.g., “because” in “I became aware of my hunger because I fainted.”
Appositive: Noun or clause that renames a noun it is right next to. “my cousin Gabor” Gabor is the appositive, and it is shown in parenthesis. my cousin (Gabor). You can tell it is an appositive because you can stick the word “is” in the appositive. E.g., my cousin is Gabor.
Relative Pronoun: can usually be dropped in english. You can put it in brackets.
Predicative Adjective:
Coordinating conjuction: Like the word “and” when it joins to participial phrases which always act as adjectives. represented by a dotted line between the two participles.
Objective Complement: